Brocard points Totally Explained

Everything about Brocard Points totally explained

Brocard points are special points within a triangle. They are named after Henri Brocard (1845 – 1922), a French mathematician.

Definition

In a triangle ABC with sides a, b, and c, where the vertices are labeled A, B and C in counterclockwise order, there's exactly one point P such that the line segments AP, BP, and CP form the same angle, ω, with the respective sides c, a, and b, namely that

angle PAB = angle PBC = angle PCA

. Point P is called the first Brocard point of the triangle ABC, and the angle ω is called the Brocard angle of the triangle. The following applies to this angle:
ť

cotomega = cot alpha + cot eta + cot gamma.,

There is also a second Brocard point, Q, in triangle ABC such that line segments AQ, BQ, and CQ form equal angles with sides b, c, and a respectively. In other words, the equations

angle QCB = angle QBA = angle QAC

apply. Remarkably, this second Brocard point has the same Brocard angle as the first Brocard point. In other words angle

angle PBC = angle PCA = angle PAB

is the same as

angle QCB = angle QBA = angle QAC

.
The two Brocard points are closely related to one another; In fact, the difference between the first and the second depends on the order in which the angles of triangle ABC are taken. So for example, the first Brocard point of triangle ABC is the same as the second Brocard point of triangle ACB.
The two Brocard points of a triangle ABC are isogonal conjugates of each other.

Construction

The most elegant construction of the Brocard points goes as follows. In the following example the first Brocard point is presented, but the construction for the second Brocard point is very similar.
Form a circle through points A and B, tangent to edge BC of the triangle (the center of this circle is at the point where the perpendicular bisector of AB meets the line through point B that's perpendicular to BC). Symmetrically, form a circle through points B and C, tangent to edge AC, and a circle through points A and C, tangent to edge AB. These three circles have a common point, the first Brocard point of triangle ABC.
The three circles just constructed are also designated as epicycles of triangle ABC. The second Brocard point is constructed in similar fashion.

Trilinears and the Brocard midpoint

Homogeneous trilinear coordinates for the first and second Brocard points are c/b : a/c : b/a, and b/c : c/a : a/b, respectively. They are an example of a bicentric pair of points, but not triangle centers. Their midpoint, called the Brocard midpoint, has trilinears ť sin(A + ω) : sin(B + ω) : sin(C + ω)

and is a triangle center. The third Brocard point, given by trilinears a⁻³ : b⁻³ : c⁻³, or, equivalently, by ť csc(A − ω) : csc(B − ω) : csc(C − ω),

is the Brocard midpoint of the anticomplementary triangle and is also the isotomic conjugate of the symmedian point.

Further Information

Get more info on 'Brocard Points'.

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